| |
Dr. Gaines is professor
and chair of the Criminal Justice Department. He joined the department
in 1998, and previously he served as chair of the Police Studies Department
at Eastern Kentucky University. Dr. Gaines received his Ph.D. in criminal
justice from Sam Houston State University in 1975. He is interested in
a variety of topics in law enforcement and crime studies. He has published
extensively in these areas.
He brings a variety
of experiences to the department. First, he has considerable law enforcement
experience. He has experience with the Kentucky State Police and the Lexington,
Kentucky Police Department. While at Eastern Kentucky, he also served
as the Executive Director of the Kentucky Association of Chiefs of Police
for 14 years. He has consulted with a variety of police agencies in Kentucky,
Ohio, Tennessee, Georgia, and California.
Dr. Gaines has substantial
academic and professional service. He served as Secretary Treasurer of
the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences in 1984 and 1985, and served
as President of the Academy in 1988. He has served as the Managing Editor
of the American Journal of Criminal Justice and has served on the editorial
board of Justice Quarterly. In 1991, he received the Founders Award from
the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, and in 1995, he received the
Outstanding Educator Award from the Southern Criminal Justice Association
and the Outstanding Service Award from the Police Section of the Academy
of Criminal Justice Sciences. From 1984 to 1992, he served as the Kentucky
representative to the States’ Association of Chiefs of Police, a
division of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. In 1997,
he was appointed to the Kentucky Attorney General's Task Force on Prescription
Drug Diversion. He currently serves on the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s
Academy Advisory Council and the San Bernardino County Public Safety Training
& Education Committee. In 2001, he served as a member of the California
POST Committee that developed police training curricula for racial profiling.
Professional Specialties:
|
|
Racial
Profiling and Police Traffic Stop Data Analysis
|
|
|
Community
Policing
|
|
|
Gangs
|
 |
Criminal
Justice Program Evaluation |
|
Drug
Enforcement |
Selected Publications:
|
Books: |
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Ricks, T.A. (1978). Managing the Police Organization.
St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
|
|
|
|
Cordner, G.W., Gaines, L.K., and Kappeler, V. (1996). Police Operations: Analysis and Evaluation. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co.
|
|
|
|
Gaines, L.K. and Cordner, G. (1998). Policing Perspectives: An Anthology. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Co.
|
|
|
|
Shichor, D., Gaines, L.K., and Ball, R. (2001) White Collar Crime. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
|
|
|
|
Gaines, L.K., Worrall, J., Southerland, M.D. and Angell, J.E. (2002). Police Administration. (2nd Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
|
|
|
|
Gaines, L.K. and Kraska, P. (2002). Drugs, Crime, and Criminal Justice. (2nd Edition). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Kappeler, V. (2003). Policing in America.
(4th. Edition). Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co. |
|
|
|
Peak, K., Gaines, L. and Glensor, R. (2004). Police Supervision. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. |
|
|
|
Esbensen, F., Tibbetts, S. and Gaines, L. (2004). American Youth Gangs at the Millenium. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland. |
|
|
|
Kappeler, V., and Gaines, L. (2005). Community Policing: A Contemporary Perspective. (4th Edition). Cincinnati: Anderson. |
|
|
|
Gaines, L. and Miller, R. (2008). Criminal Justice in Action. (3rd Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. |
|
|
|
Chapters in Books: |
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Forester, W.C. (1983). Recruit Training, Probationary Period,
and Minimum Standards Legislation. In (C. Swank & J. Conser, eds.).
Police Personnel System. New York: John Wiley, 1983. |
|
|
|
Southerland,
M.D. and Gaines, L.K. (1985). The Juvenile Justice System. In (D.
Chang & J. Fagen, eds.). Introduction to Criminal Justice.
Geneva, IL: Paladin House. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Kappeler, V. (1991). Police Selection: What Works. In (G.
Cordner & D. Hale, eds.). What Works in Policing. Cincinnati:
Anderson Publishing Co, pp. 107-124. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. (1993) Stress in police work. In (R. Dunham & G. Alpert,
eds.). Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings.
(2nd) Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, pp. 538-550. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L. and Potter, G. (1993). Kentucky's marijuana war: Pot-bellied politicians
and desert storm tactics. In (P.B. Kraska, ed.). Altered States
of Mind: Critical Observations of the Drug War. New York: Garland
Press, pp. 105-130. |
|
|
|
Potter,
G. and Gaines, L. (1995). Organizing crime in "Cooperhead County":
An ethnographic look at rural crime networks. In (J. Albanese, ed.).
Contemporary Issues in Organized Crime. Monsey, NY: Criminal
Justice Press, pp. 61-88. |
|
|
|
Potter,
G. and Gaines, L. (1996) Underworlds and upperworlds: The convergence
of organized and white collar crime. In (J. Helmkamp, R. Ball, &
K. Townsend, eds.). Definitional Dilemma: Can and Should There
Be a Universal Definition of White Collar Crime? Morgantown, WV:
National White Collar Crime Center and West Virginia University. |
|
|
|
Glensor,
R., Gaines, L., and Peak, K. (1999). Police supervision. In (D. Kenney,
ed.). Police and Policing: Contemporary Readings. (Second Edition).
New York: Greenwood Press, pp. 37-56. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L. and Schram, P. (2001). Affirmative Action and Police Selection:
Managing Legal Boundaries and Psychometric Limits. In (J. Walker,
ed.) Policing and the Law. Upper Saddle, NJ: Prentice-Hall. |
|
|
|
Journal Articles: |
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Cain, T. (1981) Controlling the Police Organization through
Contingency Management: Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.
Police Studies: The International Review of Police Development,
4: 16-26. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Lewis, B. (1982) Reliability and Validity of the Oral Interview
Board in Police Promotions. Journal of Criminal Justice, 10:
403-420. |
|
|
|
Reed,
T.E. and Gaines, L.K. (1982). Criminal Justice Models as a Function
of Ideological Images: A Social Learning Alternative to Packer. International
Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 6: 212-222. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K., Lewis, B. and Swanagin, R. (1983), Case Screening in Criminal
Investigations: A Case Study of Robberies. Police Studies: The
International Review of Police Development, 6: 22-29. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. Van Tubergen, N. and Paiva, M. (1984). Police Officer Perceptions
of Promotions as a Source of Motivation. Journal of Criminal Justice,
12: 265-276. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Brown, S. (1984). A Critical Examination of the Role of Police
in Society. Southern Journal of Criminal Justice, 8: 33-48. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. (1984). Symposium on Police Community Relations: Some Introductory
Comments. American Journal of Police, 3: 141-144. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K., Costello, P. and Crabtree, A. (1989). Police Selection Testing:
Balancing Legal Requirements and Employer Needs. American Journal
of Police, 8(1): 137-152. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Van Tubergen, N. (1989) Job Stress in Police work: An Exploratory
analysis into its differential characteristics. American Journal
of Criminal Justice, 8(2): 197-214. |
|
|
|
Falkenberg,
S., Gaines, L.K., and Cox, T.C. (1990). The oral interview board:
What does it measure? Journal of Police Science and Administration,
17(1): 32-39. |
|
|
|
Potter,
G., Gaines, L.K. and Holbrook, B. (1990). Blowing smoke: An evaluation
of marijuana eradication in Kentucky. American Journal of Police,
9(1): 97-116. |
|
|
|
Swanson,
C., Gaines, L., and Gore, B. (1991). Police officer use of anabolic
steroids. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 60(8): 19-23. |
|
|
|
Falkenberg,
S., Gaines, L.K. and Cordner, G. (1991). The validity of police performance
evaluations. Journal of Criminal Justice, 19(4): 351-360. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L. and Falkenberg, S. (1992). Anatomy of peer evaluations: What do
they measure? Justice Professional, 6(1): 39-46. |
|
|
|
Potter,
G. and Gaines, L.K. (1992). Country comfort: Vice and corruption in
rural settings. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 8(1):
36-61. |
|
|
|
Tunnell,
K. and Gaines, L.K. (1992). Political pressures and influences on
police executives: A descriptive analysis. American Journal of
Police. 11(1): 1-16. Reprinted in Law Enforcement Operations
and Management, ( M. McShane & F. Williams, eds.) New York:
Garland Publishing. Also reprinted in Managing Police Organizations.
(G. Cordner & D. Kenney, eds.). Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing
Co. |
|
|
|
Potter,
G., Gaines, L.K. and Vito, G. (1992). Using dollars to fight drugs:
The dysfunctional aspects of drug policymaking. Journal of Contemporary
Criminal Justice, 8(4): 332-350. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K., Falkenberg, S., and Gambino, J. (1993). Police physical agility
testing: An historical and legal analysis. American Journal of
Police, 7(4): 47-66. Reprinted in Managing Police Personnel.
(D. Kenney & G. Cordner, eds.). Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing,
pp.43-52. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. (1994). Community-oriented policing: Management issues, concerns,
and problems. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 10(1):
17-35. |
|
|
|
Kappeler,
V. and Gaines, L.K. (1996). The business of education: Caveat emptor
or caveat venditor? Journal of Criminal Justice Education,
7(1): 207-213. |
|
|
|
Miller,
K. and Gaines, L.K. (1997). An ethnographic study of employee theft:
Scamming in the retail food industry. The Justice Professional,
10: 3-17. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Swanson, C.R. (1997). Empowering police officers: A tarnished
silver bullet? Police Forum, 7(4): 1-7. |
|
|
|
Gaines,
L.K. and Falkenberg, S. (1998). An evaluation of the written selection
test: Effectiveness and alternatives. Journal of Criminal Justice,
26(3): 175-183. |
|
|
|
Bumphus,
V.W., Gaines, L.K., and Blakely, C.R. (1999). Citizen police academies:
Observing goals, objectives, and recent trends. American Journal
of Criminal Justice, 24(1): 67-80. |
|
|
|
Scarborough,
K., Van Tubergen, N., Gaines, L., and Whitlow, S. (1999). An Examination
of Police Officers' Motivation to Participate in the Promotional Process.
Police Quarterly, 2(3): 302-320. |
|
|
|
Bichler, G. and Gaines, L. (2005). An Examination of Police Officers' Insights into Problem Identification. Crime & Delinquency, 51(1): 53-74. |
|
|
|
Schram, P. and Gaines, L. (2005). Examining Delinquent Non-gang Members and Delinquent Gang Members: A Comparison of Juvenile Probationers at Intake and Outcome. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 3(2): 99-115. |
|
|
|
Gaines, L. (2006). An analysis of traffic stop data in Riverside, California. Police Quarterly, 9(2): 210-233. |
|
|
|
Worrall, J. and Gaines, L. (2006). The Effect of Police-Probation Partnerships on Juvenile Arrests. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(8): 579-589. |
Grants and Consulting:
|
1983.
Developed and administered DUI Enforcement Training grant from the
Kentucky Office of Highway Safety Programs to train Lexington Police
Officers. Funded for $12,000.
|
|
|
|
1985.
Participated in the development of the Metropolitan Interstate Child
Support Enforcement: Research and Experimental/Demonstration Project
submitted to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services,
Office of Child Support Enforcement. Project funded for $1,404,707.
|
|
|
|
1986-96.
Participated in the development of a training contract with the
U.S. Air Force to provide police and security training to air force
security personnel. Proposal was funded for $90,000 per year. Serve
as Director of the Project.
|
|
|
|
1987.
Contract with the Kentucky State Police to develop a Field Training
Trooper Program. Contract funded for $20,000.
|
|
|
|
1988.
Contract with the Kentucky State Police to perform a job task analysis
for the ranks of lieutenant and captain. Contract funded for $15,000. |
|
|
|
1991-94.
Contract with the Kentucky State Police to perform physical agility
screening and testing on KSP personnel. Project funded for $78,000
per year. |
|
|
|
1991.
Contract with the Police Executive Forum and a U.S. Justice Department
grant to analyze data relevant to police and the disabled. Project
funded for $22,000. |
|
|
|
1991.
Developed a proposal for the Kentucky Association of Chiefs of Police
to develop a state-wide drug information bulletin board and to initiate
state-wide police department accreditation. Project was funded for
$30,000. |
|
|
|
1992-98.
Contract with the Kentucky State Police to develop written promotion
tests. Project funded for $8,500 per year. |
|
|
|
1993-96.
Developed a proposal for the Kentucky Association of Chiefs of Police
to conduct a state-wide seat belt program. Project was funded for
$50,000 per year by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
|
|
|
1996.
Developed a proposal for the Kentucky Association of Chiefs of Police
to provide domestic violence training to police officers throughout
Kentucky. Project was funded for $32,700 by the Kentucky Justice Cabinet. |
|
|
|
1996.
Contract with the Kentucky State Police to develop a written entry
examination. Project was funded for $35,000. |
|
|
|
1996.
Awarded a grant by the National Institute of Justice for a partnership
grant with the Lexington, Kentucky Division of Police. Project was
funded for $58,000. |
|
|
|
1997.
Awarded a continuation grant by the National Institute of Justice
for the partnership grant with the Lexington, Kentucky Division of
Police. Project was funded for $33,000. |
|
|
|
1999-2001.
Awarded a contract by the San Bernardino County Probation Department
to evaluate the Home Run Probation Program as funded by the California
Board of Corrections. Project was funded for $148,000. |
|
|
|
2001-2006.
Awarded a contract by the Riverside Police Department to analyze racial
profiling data. Project was funded for $100,000. |
|
|
|
2002.
Awarded a contract by the San Bernardino County Probation Department
to evaluate their Police-Probation Officer Team Program, which is
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism. Project was funded for $22,000. |
Affiliations,
Associations, Consultations:
|
|
American
Society of Criminology
|
|
|
Western
Society of Criminology
|
|
|
Academy
of Criminal Justice Sciences
|
|
Kentucky
Association of Chiefs of Police |
|
|
